Physicochemical Properties and Structure Analysis of n-Nonane

n-Nonane is an organic compound with the molecular formula C₉H₂₀. It falls under the category of alkanes, which are hydroCarbons with single covalent bonds between carbon atoms.

PhysicoChemical Properties of n-Nonane

• Physical State

n-Nonane is a colorless liquid at room temperature and pressure.

• Boiling Point

The boiling point of n-nonane is 150.8 ^oC (303.4 ^oF). This relatively high boiling point indicates that n-nonane has strong intermolecular forces, primarily London dispersion forces, which require significant energy to break and vaporize the liquid.

• Melting Point

The melting point of n-nonane is -54.1 ^oC (-65.4 ^oF). The low melting point is due to the weak intermolecular forces present in the solid state.

• Density

The density of n-nonane is 0.718 g/cm³ at 20 ^oC.

• Solubility

n-Nonane is insoluble in water but is soluble in organic solvents, such as ethanol, hexane, and acetone. This suggests that n-nonane exhibits significant hydrophobic properties.

Structure Analysis of n-Nonane

n-Nonane is a straight-chain alkane with nine carbon atoms and 20 hydrogen atoms. Its chemical structure can be represented as follows:

CH₃-CH₂-CH₂-CH₂-CH₂-CH₂-CH₂-CH₂-CH₃

where each "CH₂" group represents a methylene unit (–CH₂–) and each "CH₃" group represents a methyl group (–CH₃).

The carbon atoms in n-nonane are sp³ hybridized, meaning they are bonded to four other atoms through sigma bonds. The carbon-carbon (C-C) bonds are single bonds, which are highly stable and non-reactive.

The simple linear structure of n-nonane allows the molecule to pack closely together in the solid state, leading to the formation of a crystalline lattice held by weak intermolecular forces.

In summary, n-nonane is a colorless liquid with a high boiling point and low melting point. It is insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents. Its structure consists of a straight chain of nine carbon atoms with 20 hydrogen atoms, bonded through single sigma bonds.

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Frequently Asked Questions

Q: What functional group is n-nonane?

A: Nonane is a linear alkane hydroCarbon with the chemical formula C₉H₂₀.

Q: Is n-nonane soluble in water?

A: n-Nonane is almost insoluble in water, but shows very good solubility or unlimited miscibility with many organic solvents such as higher alcohols, ethers, esters, aromatics or chlorinated hydroCarbons.

Q: Is nonane nonpolar?

A: The solvent nonane is a highly nonpolar solvent since it is a hydroCarbon compound.

Q: What is the function of nonane?

A: Nonane is a colorless liquid with a gasoline-like odor. It is a major ingredient of gasoline and stoddard solvent, and is used as a research chemical and in making biodegradable detergents.

Q: Is nonane a gas at room temperature?

A: At room temperature, nonane is a liquid.